How to Prevent Ransomware Attacks in Healthcare: Strategies for 2025

Healthcare Data: Why It’s a Prime Target

Healthcare data is among the most valuable commodities on the dark web. Protected health information (PHI) — names, Social Security numbers, insurance details, and treatment records — can fetch hundreds of dollars per record, far more than stolen credit cards. Cybercriminals know that healthcare providers are under pressure to restore access quickly, and that urgency often leads to ransom payments.

These attacks are strategically timed to cause maximum disruption in the healthcare industry. As Andrew Williams, Principal Product Marketing Manager at Mimecast, explains: "There's no way to get rid of risk; you can just manage it. So it's how we can go ahead and put some measures in place to, let's say, cushion the users to make sure that they don't do the wrong things." This reality is especially critical in healthcare, where attacks often escalate due to the life-critical nature of health services.

In addition to the financial risk, healthcare ransomware attacks bring regulatory pressure. HIPAA compliance requires healthcare organizations to report breaches involving sensitive patient data, adding another layer of urgency to remediation efforts.

Step 1: Segment Networks and Tighten Access Control

A flat network is an open invitation for attackers. Segmenting networks — separating clinical devices, administrative systems, and guest networks — limits the spread of malware.

• Segment Critical Systems: Place medical devices on isolated VLANs.
• Monitor for Lateral Movement: Use firewalls and network monitoring tools to detect unusual traffic.

Access control is another pillar of ransomware prevention. Role-based access policies, backed by multi-factor authentication (MFA), can reduce the risk of unauthorized access.

Step 2: Stop Ransomware at the Inbox

Ransomware attacks often begin with phishing attempts, where cybercriminals impersonate trusted sources like suppliers, insurers, or even internal staff. Their goal is to trick recipients into clicking on malicious links or opening malware-laced attachments, creating the entry point for a larger attack.

Mimecast’s AI-powered email security scans billions of emails daily, using real-time threat intelligence to detect spoofed domains, malicious URLs, and payloads. This comprehensive approach to threat intelligence is what makes modern email security so effective. As Williams notes: "There's so much that we can utilize in terms of an understanding of what is, ultimately, the attack chain of what our customers are being targeted with. And, reciprocally, what's the insight we can glean from that?" For healthcare organizations, this intelligence-driven approach is crucial for staying ahead of attackers who specifically target medical facilities.

Protecting high-risk users within a healthcare organization is critical. Clinical leaders, finance staff, and IT admins should have enhanced email protections, including anti-impersonation technology to block Business Email Compromise (BEC) attempts.

Step 3: Strengthen Endpoint Defenses

Even the best email security can’t catch everything. Sooner or later, a ransomware threat will slip through, and when it does, your endpoints become the battleground. Every laptop, nurse’s station, and diagnostic computer is a potential entry point for malware and a weak link that ransomware attackers love to exploit.

Keep Every Device Healthy and Current

The first line of endpoint cyber security is surprisingly simple: patch and update everything, religiously. Unpatched operating systems and outdated applications are the digital equivalent of leaving the hospital doors unlocked.

• Automate Patch Management: Schedule regular updates for Windows, macOS, and Linux endpoints, as well as critical healthcare applications like radiology viewers, pharmacy software, and EHR platforms.
• Don’t Forget Medical Devices: Many ransomware infections in healthcare facilities spread through connected medical devices. Work with manufacturers to apply firmware updates, or at minimum, isolate vulnerable devices on segmented networks until they can be updated.

Use EDR as a 24/7 Security Guard

Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools don’t just wait for signature-based antivirus alerts — they actively look for suspicious patterns, like mass file encryption, registry changes, or unusual process behavior that might indicate a ransomware infection.

• Detect Early: Spot ransomware activity in its earliest stages, before sensitive patient data is encrypted.
• Quarantine Automatically: Isolate infected devices from the rest of the healthcare system to stop lateral spread.
• Respond Quickly: Roll back malicious changes and restore clean versions of affected files.

A recent study shows that Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) solutions significantly reduce dwell time, enable real-time detection of advanced threats, and allow healthcare organizations to isolate affected devices to prevent disruptions in healthcare facilities. This rapid containment capability is crucial for ensuring continuity of patient care during ransomware incidents.

Monitor High-Risk Endpoints

Not all endpoints are created equal. Healthcare providers should focus additional monitoring on endpoints that store or transmit sensitive patient data, such as:

• Physician laptops used for remote EHR access
• Workstations connected to imaging equipment
• Billing department PCs with insurance and payment data

These are prime targets for ransomware groups because compromising them can quickly escalate to a full data breach.

Combine Endpoint Security with Behavioral Analytics

EDR tools are even more effective when paired with user behavior analytics. By tracking patterns like unusual logins or large data transfers, healthcare cybersecurity teams can spot early indicators of compromise — sometimes before ransomware attackers even launch the encryption payload.

Endpoints are where ransomware attacks can escalate into serious patient safety concerns. By detecting and containing ransomware at the endpoint quickly, it’s possible to stop a small infection from spiraling into a widespread crisis within the hospital.

Step 4: Train and Test the Workforce

Human error remains a leading cause of ransomware infection. Mimecast’s 2025 State of Human Risk Report found that just 8% of employees account for 80% of security incidents. This means targeted training is essential.

Realistic phishing simulations focused on specific threats—including spoofed sender addresses, malicious links, and social engineering tactics—can teach employees to recognize real threats. Beyond training, incident response drills help ensure staff know how to continue patient care if electronic health records are unavailable.

Step 5: Build Resilient Backups

Backups are your safety net — but only if they’re done right. In a ransomware attack, one of the first things cybercriminals do is look for your backup systems and encrypt or delete them. If that happens, even the best recovery plan can collapse.

Make Backups Tamper-Proof

Healthcare organizations should invest in immutable, offsite backups that can’t be altered, deleted, or encrypted by ransomware. This means:

• WORM (Write-Once, Read-Many) Storage: Once data is written, it stays locked in place, making it immune to ransomware encryption attempts.
• Logical and Physical Separation: Store backups in a separate environment, ideally in the cloud or in a secure secondary data center that is not continuously accessible from the production network.

Cloud security controls can add another layer of protection. Many cloud storage providers now offer ransomware protection that automatically detects suspicious activity, such as mass file encryption, and freezes or snapshots affected data before damage spreads.

Rotate, Verify, and Protect Encryption Keys

Your backup strategy should include regular rotation of encryption keys and strict access control. Limit who can access backups, and monitor for unauthorized access attempts. In healthcare cybersecurity, this step is critical for meeting HIPAA compliance and safeguarding sensitive patient data.

Test Like Your Patients Depend on It

It’s not enough to make backups — you have to know they work.

• Quarterly Restore Tests: Simulate a ransomware incident by restoring mission-critical systems, including electronic health record (EHR) platforms, imaging servers, and scheduling systems.
• Measure Recovery Time: Confirm that recovery time objectives (RTOs) are fast enough to avoid major disruptions to patient care. If restoring an EHR takes 48 hours, that’s two days of delayed diagnoses, postponed surgeries, and potential patient safety risks.
• Practice Partial Restores: Test selective file restores too, not just full-system recovery, since most ransomware incidents only affect certain parts of the network.

Integrate Backups into Incident Response

Your backup and disaster recovery teams should be part of every ransomware response drill. In many ransomware incidents, the pressure to pay the ransom comes from fear that data is permanently lost. A tested, trustworthy backup process gives healthcare providers leverage to refuse ransom payment and return to normal operations faster.

Backups are not just a technical tool; they’re a critical asset in negotiations. The ability to quickly and confidently restore sensitive patient data takes away ransomware attackers' leverage, making it harder for them to hold the organization hostage.

Step 6: Formalize a Ransomware Response Plan

Healthcare organizations need a clear decision-making structure for ransomware incidents.

• Defined roles for IT, compliance, and clinical leadership.
• Pre-approved communication templates for patients and regulators.
• Criteria for deciding whether ransom payment will be considered.

Maintaining detailed audit logs of every action is crucial for HIPAA compliance and post-incident review.

Step 7: Use Established Cybersecurity Frameworks

When it comes to building a strong ransomware prevention program, healthcare organizations don’t have to start from scratch. Industry-recognized cybersecurity frameworks provide a proven roadmap that ties technical controls to patient safety and regulatory requirements.

Build on Proven Standards

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) is one of the most widely adopted roadmaps for risk management, including ransomware protection. It breaks security into five core functions — Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover — making it easier for healthcare systems to see where their defenses are strong and where gaps exist.

ISO/IEC 27001 adds an international layer of rigor, focusing on information security management systems (ISMS). For healthcare organizations operating across borders or with multiple facilities, this standard helps unify policies for protecting sensitive patient data, preventing unauthorized access, and reducing the risk of a data breach.

Healthcare-specific guidance is also available from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and HITRUST, which map directly to HIPAA compliance requirements. These frameworks offer concrete advice for safeguarding electronic health records (EHRs), medical devices, and other systems where ransomware attackers often strike.

Map Controls to Real-World Risk

The value of these frameworks isn’t just in checking boxes for compliance — it’s in linking technical measures to real-world ransomware threats. For example:

• Network segmentation and access control can be tied to NIST’s “Protect” function.
• Ransomware response drills fulfill the “Respond” and “Recover” functions.
• Security awareness programs address the “Identify” and “Protect” layers by reducing risky human behavior.

This mapping helps healthcare cybersecurity teams show executives and boards how investments reduce risk, improve patient safety, and keep critical services online during a ransomware attack.

Make Progress Measurable

Metrics turn a cybersecurity plan into a business conversation. Tracking numbers like phishing click rates, ransomware incident response times, and backup restoration success rates demonstrates whether your healthcare facility is improving over time.

Some healthcare providers even benchmark themselves against peers using frameworks like HITRUST or the HHS 405(d) Health Industry Cybersecurity Practices (HICP). This benchmarking can help justify budget requests, showing how investment in ransomware prevention keeps pace with industry standards.

Evolve with the Threat Landscape

Cybercriminals change tactics constantly, so your security program has to evolve too. By using frameworks as a baseline and layering in current threat intelligence, healthcare organizations can stay ahead of ransomware groups that are shifting from mass phishing attacks to targeted, high-pressure extortion campaigns.

Frameworks provide structure in an environment where, as Mimecast's Ranjan Singh notes, "Security teams are under constant pressure to do more with less, and that starts with being smarter about how they use their time and tools." For healthcare organizations, frameworks give teams a shared language that connects risk management, patient care priorities, and compliance requirements into one cohesive strategy — turning cybersecurity from a checklist into a living, breathing part of the healthcare system.

The Bigger Picture: Ransomware as a Patient Safety Issue

Ransomware prevention isn’t just about cybersecurity; it’s about protecting lives. Every healthcare facility must be ready to stop attacks before they disrupt critical patient care.

Mimecast helps healthcare organizations stay ahead of ransomware threats with AI-driven email security, data protection tools, and security awareness training that work together to reduce the risk of data breaches and ransomware infections.

Take Action Now

Healthcare ransomware attacks aren’t slowing down — but your healthcare system can be ready.

Schedule a Mimecast demo to see how our ransomware protection platform helps defend against phishing attacks, safeguard sensitive patient data, and keep care teams online when it matters most.